对于Web编程来说,最重要的就是存取和读写数据了。存储方式可能有很多种,可以是字符串、数组、文件的形式等。数组,可以说是PHP的数据应用中较重要的一种方式。PHP的数组函数众多,下面是我学习的小结,借此记之,便于以后鉴之。
1. 数组定义
数组的定义使用 array()方式定义,可以定义空数组:
01<?php
02 $number = array(1,3,5,7,9);
03 //定义空数组
04 $result = array();
05 $color =array("red","blue","green");
06 //自定义键值
07 $language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch");
08 //定义二维数组
09 $two = array(
10 "color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗号结尾
11 "week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最后一句没有标点
12 );
13?>
2. 创建数组
compact()
compact()函数——将一个或多个变量(包含数组)转换为数组:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。
1<?PHP
2 $number = "1,3,5,7,9";
3 $string = "I'm PHPer";
4 $array = array("And","You?");
5 $newArray = compact("number","string","array");
6 print_r ($newArray);
7?>
compact()函数用于将两个或多个变量转换为数组,当然也包含数组变量。其参数是变量的名称而非带有$全名。相反的函数是extract()作用顾名思义就是将数组转换为单个的字符串,键值作为其字符串名称,数组值作为字符串的值。
运行结果:
1Array (
2 [number] => 1,3,5,7,9
3 [string] => I'm PHPer
4 [array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? )
5)
array_combine()
array_combine()——将两个数组重组成一个数组,一个作键值一个做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )
1<?PHP
2 $number = array("1","3","5","7","9");
3 $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");
4 $newArray = array_combine($number,$array);
5 print_r ($newArray);
6?>
array_combine函数不多说了,谁看了都明白。
运行结果:
1Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )
range()
range()函数——创建指定范围的数组:
01<?PHP
02 $array1 = range(0,100,10);//0为起始值,100为结束值,10为步进值(默认步进值为1).
03 print_r($array1);
04 echo"<br />";
05 $array2 = range("A","Z");
06 print_r($array2);
07 echo "<br />";
08 $array3 = range("z","a");
09 print_r($array3);
10?>
array_fill()
array_fill()函数——填充数组函数:
01<?PHP
02 $array = range(1,10);
03 $fillarray = range("a","d");
04 $arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//这里的$fillarray可以是字符串,如"test".
05 echo "<pre>";
06 print_r ($arrayFilled);
07 echo "</pre>";
08 $keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK");
09 $array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing");
10 echo "<pre>";
11 print_r ($array2);
12 echo "</pre>";
13?>
运行结果:
01Array
02(
03 [0] => Array
04 (
05 [0] => a
06 [1] => b
07 [2] => c
08 [3] => d
09 )
10 [1] => Array
11 (
12 [0] => a
13 [1] => b
14 [2] => c
15 [3] => d
16 )
17 [2] => Array
18 (
19 [0] => a
20 [1] => b
21 [2] => c
22 [3] => d
23 )
24 [3] => Array
25 (
26 [0] => a
27 [1] => b
28 [2] => c
29 [3] => d
30 )
31 [4] => Array
32 (
33 [0] => a
34 [1] => b
35 [2] => c
36 [3] => d
37 )
38)
39Array
40(
41 [string] => testing
42 [2] => testing
43 [9] => testing
44 [SDK] => testing
45 [PK] => testing
46)
3. 数组的遍历
foreach遍历
foreach (array_expression as $value){}
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}
1<?PHP
2 $speed = array(50,120,180,240,380);
3 foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){
4 echo $keys."=>".$values."<br />";
5 }
6?>
运行结果:
10=>50
21=>120
32=>180
43=>240
54=>380
while循环遍历
while循环遍历一般结合list函数,以下是实例
01<?PHP
02 $staff = array(
03 array("姓名","性别","年龄"),
04 array("小张","男",24),
05 array("小王","女",25),
06 array("小李","男",23)
07 );
08 echo "<table border=2>";
09 while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){
10 list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;
11 echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>";
12 }
13 echo "</table>";
14 ?>
for循环遍历
1<?PHP
2 $speed = range(0,220,20);
3 for($i =0;$i<count($speed);$i++) {
4 echo $speed[$i]." ";
5 }
6?>
运行结果:
10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
4. 数组的指针操作
涉及函数包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。
实例一:next 与 prev
01<?PHP
02 $speed = range(0,220,20);
03 echo current($speed);//输出当前位置的值(在数组的开头位置)
04 $i = rand(1,11);
05 while($i--){
06 next($speed);//指针从当前位置向后移动一位
07 }
08 echo current($speed);//输出当前位置的值
09 echo "<br />";
10 echo prev($speed);//输出前一位置数组值
11 echo "<br />";
12 echo reset($speed);//重置数组的指针,将指针指向起始位置
13 echo "<br />";
14 echo end($speed);//输出最后位置的数组值
15 echo "<br />";
16?>
运行结果:
10220
2200
30
4220
实例二:each函数指针操作
01<?PHP
02 $speed = range(0,200,40);
03 echo "each实现指针下移 <br />";
04 echo "0挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
05 echo "1挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
06 echo "2挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
07 echo "3挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
08 echo "4挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
09 echo "5挡的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";
10 echo "使用each函数实现数组指针的移动,进行数组遍历 <br />";
11 reset($speed);//这里是将数组指针指向数组首
12 while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){
13 echo $key."=>".$value."<br />";
14 }
15?>
运行结果:
01each实现指针下移
020挡的速度是0
031挡的速度是40
042挡的速度是80
053挡的速度是120
064挡的速度是160
075挡的速度是200
08使用each函数实现数组指针的移动,进行数组遍历
090=>0
101=>40
112=>80
123=>120
134=>160
145=>200
5. 数组的增添删改操作
增添数组成员
实例一:$num[] = value直接赋值追加到数组末尾:
1<?PHP
2 $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
3 echo "使用表达式添加数组成员<br />";
4 $num[]=240;
5 print_r($num);
6 ?>
运行结果:
1使用表达式添加数组成员
2Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 )
实例二:array_pad函数,数组数组首尾选择性追加
1<?PHP
2 $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
3 $num = array_pad($num,4,200);
4 echo "使用array_pad函数向数组尾部添加成员<br />";
5 print_r($num);
6 echo "<br />array_pad 还可以填充数组首部<br />";
7 $num = array_pad($num,-8,40);
8 print_r($num);
9?>
运行结果:
1使用array_pad函数向数组尾部添加成员
2Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 )
3array_pad 还可以填充数组首部
4Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 )
实例三:入栈操作追加(array_push):
1<?PHP
2 $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
3 array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在数组结尾
4 print_r($num);
5?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 )
实例四:array_unshift()在开头添加数组成员
1<?PHP
2 $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);
3 array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在数组结尾
4 print_r($num);
5?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 )
注意:array_unshift()函数使用后数组的键值将会从0开始!
删减数组成员
实例一:unset()命令删除数组成员或数组:
01<?PHP
02 $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));
03 print_r($num);
04 echo "<br />";
05 unset($num[4]);
06 print_r($num);
07 echo "<br />";
08 unset($num);
09 if(is_array){
10 echo "unset命令不能删除整个数组";
11 }else{
12 echo "unset命令可以删除数组";
13 }
14?>
运行结果:(运行出错及说明数组也被删除,不再存在)
1Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 )
2Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 )
3Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed 'is_array' in H:\wamp\www\testing\editorplus\test.php on line 21
4unset命令不能删除整个数组
实例二:array_splice()函数删除数组成员
1<?php
2 $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
3 count ($a); //得到4
4 array_splice($a,1,1); //删除第二个元素
5 count ($a); //得到3
6 echo $a[2]; //得到yellow
7 echo $a[1]; //得到blue
8?>
实例三:array_unique删除数组中的重复值:
1<?php
2 $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green");
3 $result = array_unique($a);
4 print_r($result);
5?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
实例四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合并数组
01<?php
02 $array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4);
03 $array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9);
04 $array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11);
05 $array4 = array(
06 array(4=>10),
07 array(7=>13)
08 );
09 $array5 = array(
10 array(4=>11),
11 array(6=>12)
12 );
13 $result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);
14 echo "<pre>";
15 print_r($result);
16 echo "</pre>";
17 $result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);
18 echo "<pre>";
19 print_r ($result);
20 echo "</pre>";
21?>
运行结果:
01Array
02(
03 [r] => read
04 [0] => 1
05 [1] => 2
06 [2] => 3
07 [3] => 4
08 [b] => blue
09 [4] => 5
10 [5] => 6
11 [6] => 7
12 [7] => 8
13 [8] => 9
14 [9] => 10
15 [10] => 11
16 [11] => Array
17 (
18 [4] => 10
19 )
20 [12] => Array
21 (
22 [7] => 13
23 )
24 [13] => Array
25 (
26 [4] => 11
27 )
28 [14] => Array
29 (
30 [6] => 12
31 )
32)
33Array
34(
35 [r] => Array
36 (
37 [0] => red
38 [1] => read
39 )
40 [0] => 1
41 [1] => 2
42 [2] => 3
43 [3] => 4
44 [b] => blue
45 [4] => 5
46 [5] => 6
47 [6] => 7
48 [7] => 8
49 [8] => 9
50 [9] => 10
51 [10] => 11
52 [11] => Array
53 (
54 [4] => 10
55 )
56 [12] => Array
57 (
58 [7] => 13
59 )
60 [13] => Array
61 (
62 [4] => 11
63 )
64 [14] => Array
65 (
66 [6] => 12
67 )
68)
注:1. array_merge的键名是数字的将重新建立索引;遇到相同的字符串键名时,后面的将覆盖前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函数的作用是将相同字符串的键名单元整合成一个数组。
6. 数组的键值和值操作
实例一:in_array()检测数组中是否有某个值存在
1<?php
2 $array = range(0,9);
3 if(in_array(9,$array)){
4 echo "数组中存在";
5 }
6?>
运行结果:数组中存在
实例二:key()取得数组当前的键名:
1<?php
2 $array = range(0,9);
3 $num = rand(0,8);
4 while($num--)
5 next($array);
6 $key = key($array);
7 echo $key;
8?>
此实例结果为动态结果,范围(0-8),不做结果演示。
实例三:list()函数把数组中的值赋给指定变量:
01<?PHP
02 $staff = array(
03 array("姓名","性别","年龄"),
04 array("小张","男",24),
05 array("小王","女",25),
06 array("小李","男",23)
07 );
08 echo "<table border=2>";
09 while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){
10 list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;
11 echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>";
12 }
13 echo "</table>";
14?>
实例四:array_flip()交换数组的键值和值:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
3 print_r($array);
4 echo "<br />";
5 $array = array_flip($array);
6 print_r($array);
7 ?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
2Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )
实例五:array_keys()、array_values()返回数组中所有的键值和值:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
3 $result = array_keys($array);
4 print_r($result);
5 echo "<br />";
6 $result = array_values($array);
7 print_r($result);
8 ?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 )
2Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
实例六:array_search()搜索数值:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");
3 $result = array_search("red",$array);
4 if(($result === NULL)){
5 echo "不存在数值red";
6 }else{
7 echo "存在数值 $result";
8 }
9 ?>
结果:存在数值 0
函数array_search()返回的值可能为false或0或NULL,所以在判断时注意要用"==="
7. 数组的排序
实例一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()对数组排序:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("b","c","d","a");
3 sort($array);//从低到高排序
4 print_r($array);
5 echo "<br />";
6 rsort($array);//逆向排序
7 print_r($array);
8?>
结果:
1Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d )
2Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a )
sort()、rsort()函数对数组进行从低到高的排序,返回结果为bool值;
asort()、arsort()函数是保留键值的排序,排序后键值不重新索引。
实例二:将数组顺序打乱——shuffle()函数:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("a","b","c","d");
3 shuffle($array);//从低到高排序
4 print_r($array);
5?>
结果为动态结果:
1Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b )
shuffle的结果有点随机的意味,每次刷新都不一样。
实例三:array_reverse()数组反向:
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("d","b","a","c");
3 $array = array_reverse($array);//从低到高排序
4 print_r($array);
5?>
运行结果:
1Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d )
实例四:自然排序算法——natsort()和natcasesort();
1<?PHP
2 $array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4");
3 natsort($array);//从低到高排序
4 print_r($array);
5 echo "<br />";
6 natcasesort($array);
7 print_r($array);
8?>
结果:
1Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 )
2Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 )
natsort()、natcasesort()对数组进行自然排序,就是使用数字的正常排序算法。natcasesort会忽略大小写。
实例五:对数组进行键值排序ksort():
1<?PHP
2 $array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4");
3 ksort($array);//从低到高排序
4 print_r($array);
5?>
结果:
1Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 )
注意:ksort()函数重新建立了索引。
8. 数组的其他用法
01cout($array) --------统计数组的单元个数
02array_diff($array1,$array2)----------统计数组之间的不同点,返回第一个数组中有而第二个数组中没有的。
03array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它对键值也比较
04array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比较键值
05array_product($array)-----------返回数组的所有数的乘积
06array_sum($array)--------------所有数值的和
07array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array数组中取出$n个数值,返回数组
08array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得两个数组的交集
09array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基础上进行键值比较
10array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比较两个数组键值的交集
总结
数组的使用在PHP中至关重要,由于PHP没有指针,所以数组承担了很大的数据操作任务。学好数组,才能把PHP应用的得心应手,这里所列均是常用的PHP数组相关的函数及用法,欢迎一起学习!